SAFETY IMPLEMENTATION ANALYSIS AND OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AT KRETEK 2 BRIDGE WORK IN BANTUL REGENCY

Construction work includes the implementation of construction work and the community organizing the construction work itself. The implementation of this construction work must comply with the provisions regarding engineering, occupational safety and health, labor protection, and local environmental regulations to ensure the realization of an orderly implementation of construction work. The construction of the Kretek 2 Bridge in Bantul Regency, Special Region of Yogyakarta Province has its own challenges, because the location of the bridge is in an area prone to earthquakes and liquefaction or ground movement. With so many workers on this very high-risk project, there is a high probability of an accident occurring. The purpose of the study was to analyze (1) the risky work that could occur in bridge construction work, (2) the work that has the highest possible risk, (3) risk control, (4) the amount of investment costs required. The method used is the HIRADC method. The results of the study were (1) Risky work that can occur was a. High level of risk, including drowning, being dragged by the river current, being hit by heavy equipment maneuvers and falling from a height. b. Moderate risk level, including being crushed by formwork, falling material, scratched hands. c. Low level of risk, including landslides, heavy equipment maneuvers, iron puncture. (2) Work that has the highest possible risk is Pile Cap Excavation Work, Work Floor Work and Pier Head Ironing Work. (3) Risk control in bridge work consists of: Using a boat when measuring in rivers, Conducting briefings before starting activities, Using PPE life vests and placing life ring buoys on boats, Installing signs and placing officers in areas that intersect with roads, Installing guardrail of the project area, installing scaffolding as a working platform and inspecting its feasibility, communicating hazards through signs, conducting refresh training for workers. (4) The investment cost required for implementing K3 on the Kretek 2 Bridge work in Bantul Regency was Rp. 6,545,998,310 or 1.795% of the contract value.


INTRODUCTION
Indonesia is one of the developing countries, development and development in the construction sector have increased. The Ministry of Public Works and Public Housing (PUPR) through the Directorate General of Wildlife Development is completing the construction of the Kretek 2 Bridge located in Bantul, Yogyakarta Special Region (DIY). The bridge with a total length of 2.01 km spans the Opak River and connects Tirtohargo Village with Parangtritis Village. This bridge is part of the 1,604 km Long Java South Coast Road which is famous for its coastal tourism area that stretches from Banten to East Java.
The construction of the Kretek 2 Bridge has its own challenges because the location of the bridge is in an area prone to earthquakes and liquefaction or soil movement. With a lot of workers on the project that can be said to be very high-risk, it is not impossible to the possible risk of accidents. In accordance with the requirements of OHSAS 18001, organizations must obtain procedures regarding hazard identification, risk assessment, and determining control or HIRADC for short. This whole process is called risk management. HIRADC is a method used to identify and analyze potential hazards and provide risk assessments that will later be considered regarding the level of danger.
To find out more about the risk of accidents or dangers that will occur and the level of possibility, research is needed that aims to: 1.Analyzing risky work, 2. Analyze the work that has the highest possible risk, 3.
Analyzing ways of risk control, 4. Analyzing the large investment costs required for the application of K3 on the Kretek 2 Bridge work in Bantul Regency

RESEARCH METHOD
Occupational Health and Safety (K3) Occupational Safety and Health (K3) is a condition or factor that affects or may affect the health and safety of workers or other workers (including temporary workers and contractors), visitors, or any person in the workplace. (Ramli, 2013) Risk Risk can be associated with the possibility of unintended adverse consequences or uncertainty. This is a condition that causes the growth of risks stemming from various activities and may affect the cost, schedule and quality of projects (Darmawi, 2008) Danger Danger is a source, situation, or action that could potentially cause human accidents or injuries, damage, or other disturbances. According to Ramli (2010)  Ministerial Regulation Number 21/PRT/M/2019 article 3 paragraph 1 states "Every service user and service provider in the implementation of construction services must apply SMKK". Identifying hazards, conducting risk assessments, and conducting risk control are important requirements in the implementation of SMKK.

Data Analysis Techniques Determination of Respondent Sample
The determination of the sample of respondents used is intentional sampling or purposive sampling (Andriani, 2017). Purposive sampling is sampling whose sample members are selected intentionally based on respondents' knowledge of the risks of implementing K3 work on Kretek Bridge 2 in Bantul Regency.

Probability Analysis
Probability is a measure of the likelihood that a future event will occur. Probability only has a value between 0 and 1. The scale used for this method uses a likert scale, with a range of numbers 1-5 as in the following Impact is an event that exerts an influence, both adverse and beneficial influence. The impact in question is something that will be received or obtained by individual accident victims or companies communally. The severity index is used to determine the significant risks to both items, namely probability and impact. Severity index is calculated using the equation Severity Index Formula for Probability:  = Respondent Frequency i= 1, 2, 3, 4, 5,... n x1, x 2, x 3, x 4, x5 are respondents' frequency responses x 1= Frequency of respondents "Very Rare," then a1= 1 x 2 = Frequency of respondents "Sometimes It Happens," then a 2 = 2 x 3 = Respondent frequency "May Occur," then a 3 = 3 x 4 = Frequency of respondents "Frequent Occurrence," then a 4 = 4 x 5 = Respondent frequency "Almost Certainly Happens," then a 5 = 5 Severity Index Formula for Impact: (2) where: SI(i)= Severity Index for Impact ai = Assessment constant xi = Respondent Frequency i= 1, 2, 3, 4, 5..., n x1, x 2, x 3, x 4, x5 are respondents' frequency responses x 1= Frequency of respondents "Insignificant," then a1= 1 x 2 = Frequency of respondents "Small," then a 2 = 2 x 3 = Frequency of respondents "Moderate," then a 3 = 3 x 4 = Frequency of respondents "Weight," then a 4 = 4 x 5 = Frequency of respondents "Disaster," then a 5 = 5 4. Assessment of Employment Risk Level After obtaining the results of the Severity Index and the level of classification, the matrix value is obtained in accordance with the provisions that have been applied as follows:   (2013) Once converted into probability and impact matrix levels, the two values are multiplied to plot on the matrix, so that they will get the risk level. The risk level in question is the level of risk obtained from the calculation of the probability that will occur and the amount of influence that will be received. The purpose of this probability and impact matrix is to find out which risks are likely to occur and have a big impact on the project with the scale used is a matrix of values 1-25.
To find out the measure of risk, probability and impact can be plotted in a risk matrix, using the equation: R = P x I (3) where: R : Leveling Risk P : Probability I : Impact The result of the matrix is to determine the risk level from each identification of possible risks that can occur. Then from the known risk level, it will also be taken into account in planning its handling on the risk response.

Determining Control
The next stage is to determine the controls used to reduce or eliminate the impact of the risk of imminent harm in a project. Control is carried out based on five levels as follows:

Elimination
The method of elimination is a method of risk control that if possible should eliminate or completely remove processes or materials that may cause the presence of harm 2. Substitution The substitution method is a method of controlling hazards by replacing work or tools with others that have less danger 3. Engineering Control Methods of hazard control that protect workers from hazards such as providing the placement of materials, materials, signs, checking tools and maintenance of tools and materials to be used 4. Administrative (Administrative) Control of risks and hazards in the form of regulations related to occupational safety and health made such as conducting periodic K3 inspections, toolbox meetings, conducting training, safety morning, SOPs and supervision 5.Personal Protective Equiepment (PPE) The most recent hazard control is to use personal protective equipment or PPE. This latest hazard control is less effective but must be done for smooth running and safety of work on the condition that you use complete personal protective equipment to minimize workers from being injured

Develop HIRADC (Hazard Identification, Risk Assessment and Determining Control)
After collecting various data from hazard identification, risk level assessment and risk control, then compiling a HIRADC able which will be used to determine the value of the risk level of danger that occurs in the bridge pillar structure work as a research object. In able HIRADC made more detailed along with the implementation method to get more detailed results. 378378378378

Investment Costs of K3 Implementation
After observation of the application of K3 control, then the calculation of the investment cost needs of the occupational safety and health management system (SMK3) was carried out based on the Circular Letter of the Minister of Public

Results of Identification of Risky Work
The risk identification stage is based on the standard of procedure (SOP) of each job. Starting from the implementation stage, the tools used, and the materials used.  Table 4 shows the results of the identification of the Risk of Kretek Bridge Construction 2 in Bantul Regency, which consists of 9 occupational risks, namely (1) pile cap excavation work, (2) Work floor work, (3) Pile cap fixing work, (4) Pillar cleaning work, (5) Pier head fixing work, (6) Iron fabrication work, (7) Foundry work, (8) Formwork installation work and (9) Formwork demolition work.

Results of the Identification of Risky Work Questionnaire
The assessment was given by 20 respondents who had been determined based on the experience and thoughts of each respondent.         Source: Data processing results Grouping of Employment Risk Levels

Grouping of Employment Risk Levels
Based on the assessment of the risk level for each work, the project on the Kretek 2 Bridge construction project in Bantul Regency obtained a grouping of high to low risk levels for each work as follows: